{"id":5014,"date":"2026-09-22T09:18:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T09:18:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mjarc.com\/2023\/08\/04\/projeto-de-casas-aspetos-e-fases-de-projeto\/"},"modified":"2026-09-21T15:54:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T15:54:11","slug":"house-design-aspects-and-phases-of-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/house-design-aspects-and-phases-of-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Stages of an Architecture Project: From Program to Construction"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"mjarc-article\">\n<header>An architectural project develops through several stages, from defining the client&#8217;s needs and analyzing the property to the execution design and site supervision.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<p>Although each project has its own unique characteristics, understanding these stages helps the client perceive what happens in each phase, which decisions need to be made, and the role of the architect throughout the process.<\/p>\n<p>At MJARC Arquitectos, we view the project as a continuous process: understand, study, design, coordinate, and oversee the completion of the construction.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"qual-e-o-primeiro-passo-para-iniciar-um-projeto-de-arquitetura\">What is the first step to starting an architectural project?<\/h2>\n<p>The first step is to clearly define what you intend to build or transform, the client&#8217;s needs, the available budget, and the constraints of the property.<\/p>\n<p>During the initial meeting, the architect seeks to understand not only the intended brief, but also how the building will be used.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the questions typically addressed are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the goal of the project?<\/li>\n<li>Is it new construction, <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/building-rehabilitation-a-sustainable-alternative-to-demolition\/\">rehabilitation<\/a>, remodeling, or expansion?<\/li>\n<li>Is the property intended for private residence, tourism, investment, commercial, or another use?<\/li>\n<li>Who will use the building and in what way?<\/li>\n<li>Which spaces are essential?<\/li>\n<li>Are there architectural references, materials, or atmospheres that the client identifies with?<\/li>\n<li>Which features of the building or land must be preserved?<\/li>\n<li>What needs to be transformed?<\/li>\n<li>What is the expected investment?<\/li>\n<li>Is there a key date or deadline to complete the project?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This information forms the foundation for establishing the preliminary program.<\/p>\n<p>The budget must be discussed from the start. It is not merely a financial question: it is an essential piece of data to develop an architectural solution compatible with the available goals and resources.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-e-o-programa-preliminar\">What is the Preliminary Program?<\/h2>\n<p>The Preliminary Program gathers the objectives, requirements, and constraints defined by the client (building owner) and serves as the starting information for developing the project.<\/p>\n<p>It can include the functional brief, desired building characteristics, location, available property data, specific requirements, investment estimates, and timelines.<\/p>\n<p>Under Ordinance No. 255\/2023, the Preliminary Program precedes the development of the various project stages and provides the necessary information to draft the Base Program (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"antes-de-desenhar-e-necessario-analisar-o-terreno-ou-edificio\">Is it necessary to analyze the land or building before designing?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes. The prior analysis of the property is fundamental to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention before consolidating an architectural solution.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the project, this analysis may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Survey of the existing land or building;<\/li>\n<li>Framing within territorial management instruments;<\/li>\n<li>Applicable urban planning parameters;<\/li>\n<li>Easements and public utility restrictions;<\/li>\n<li>Environmental or heritage constraints;<\/li>\n<li>Existing access points and infrastructure;<\/li>\n<li>Topography;<\/li>\n<li>Solar orientation;<\/li>\n<li>Characteristics of the existing construction;<\/li>\n<li>Urban planning background;<\/li>\n<li>Need for topographic surveys, geotechnical surveys, or other technical studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In certain situations, it may be advisable to carry out a <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/building-a-house-portugal-steps-to-building-your-home\/\">Prior Information Request (PIP)<\/a> or other consultations with competent authorities in advance.<\/p>\n<p>This analysis allows for the early identification of constraints, reducing the risk of developing a solution incompatible with the rules applicable to the property.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-e-o-programa-base\">What is the Base Program?<\/h2>\n<p>The Base Program transforms initial needs and objectives into a strategy for project development.<\/p>\n<p>According to Ordinance No. 255\/2023, it is prepared by the designer based on the Preliminary Program to verify the feasibility of the project and study alternative solutions. Once approved by the client, it serves as the foundation for subsequent stages (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>During this stage, several aspects begin to be evaluated, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Functional layout;<\/li>\n<li>Land occupation;<\/li>\n<li>Urban planning constraints;<\/li>\n<li>General sizing criteria;<\/li>\n<li>Alternative solutions;<\/li>\n<li>Technical requirements;<\/li>\n<li>General cost estimates;<\/li>\n<li>Additional information required for project development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Not all projects require this phase to be presented to the client as an independent document. The Ordinance itself allows certain phases to be waived from formal presentation, depending on contract terms and intervention characteristics (<a href=\"https:\/\/files.diariodarepublica.pt\/1s\/2023\/08\/15200\/0001800108.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-e-o-estudo-previo-de-arquitetura\">What is the Schematic Design phase?<\/h2>\n<p>The Schematic Design (Estudo Pr\u00e9vio) is the stage where the overall concept of the architectural solution is developed, allowing the client to understand and evaluate the proposal.<\/p>\n<p>This stage typically involves studying:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Site layout;<\/li>\n<li>Volumetry;<\/li>\n<li>Spatial organization;<\/li>\n<li>Access and circulation;<\/li>\n<li>Orientation and <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/how-to-implement-passive-architecture-principles-in-temperate-climates\/\">relationship with natural light<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Interior-exterior relationship;<\/li>\n<li>Integration with the site or existing building;<\/li>\n<li>Architectural language;<\/li>\n<li>Construction principles and materials;<\/li>\n<li>Relationship with the surroundings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Depending on the project, floor plans, sections, elevations, diagrams, 3D visualizations, material references, or other forms of representation may be presented.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinance No. 255\/2023 establishes that Schematic Design develops the solutions approved in the Base Program and must allow the client to review the proposed solutions (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>It is a particularly vital stage because it allows key decisions to be discussed and validated before moving to higher levels of detail.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-e-o-anteprojeto-ou-projeto-base\">What is the Design Development phase?<\/h2>\n<p>Design Development (Anteprojeto or Projeto Base) further refines and consolidates the solution approved in Schematic Design.<\/p>\n<p>The architecture is defined with greater precision, starting a deeper integration with construction systems and <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/projetos-de-especialidades-um-processo-integrativo-na-arquitetura-orientado-pelo-arquiteto\/\">other engineering specialties<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinance No. 255\/2023 defines Design Development as the elaboration of the approved Schematic Design to establish the groundwork for advancing toward Execution Design (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Depending on project complexity, this stage can involve increased coordination between architecture, structural design, plumbing, electrical installations, HVAC, acoustics, fire safety, and other necessary technical specialties.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"em-que-fase-e-feito-o-licenciamento-do-projeto\">At what stage is the project licensing handled?<\/h2>\n<p>Licensing should not be confused with a design creation stage. It is an administrative planning procedure through which the necessary documents are submitted to competent authorities for approval, when applicable.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the nature of the project and applicable legal framework, the procedure may take different forms.<\/p>\n<p>The architect prepares the required architectural submissions and coordinates the process with other engineering studies and relevant authorities.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, obtaining a favorable decision or completing a planning application does not mean that all the information needed to build the project is complete.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-sao-os-projetos-de-especialidades\">What are engineering and specialty projects?<\/h2>\n<p>Engineering and specialty projects complement and technically develop the architectural design.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the type and scale of the work, these may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Structural engineering;<\/li>\n<li>Water supply systems;<\/li>\n<li>Wastewater and stormwater drainage;<\/li>\n<li>Electrical installations;<\/li>\n<li>Telecommunications;<\/li>\n<li>Thermal performance;<\/li>\n<li>Acoustic conditioning;<\/li>\n<li>HVAC;<\/li>\n<li>Gas supply;<\/li>\n<li>Fire safety;<\/li>\n<li>Electromechanical installations;<\/li>\n<li>Landscape architecture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thorough coordination between architecture and engineering specialties is essential to detect conflicts before construction begins.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"o-que-e-o-projeto-de-execucao\">What is the Execution Design?<\/h2>\n<p>Execution Design (Construction Documentation) is the stage that defines, with technical rigor, how the building must be constructed.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinance No. 255\/2023 defines it as the coordinated set of written and drawn information, along with other documents, necessary to precisely specify the work to be executed (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the scope of services contracted and the project&#8217;s features, it can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Detailed plans, sections, and elevations;<\/li>\n<li>Construction details;<\/li>\n<li>Material and finish specifications;<\/li>\n<li>Schedules for doors and windows;<\/li>\n<li>Joinery, millwork, and metalwork details;<\/li>\n<li>Kitchens and fixed furniture details;<\/li>\n<li>Waterproofing and insulation solutions;<\/li>\n<li>Roofing details;<\/li>\n<li>Material interfaces and junctions;<\/li>\n<li>Engineering coordination;<\/li>\n<li>Technical specifications;<\/li>\n<li>Bill of quantities and elements needed for construction preparation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is important to distinguish the Planning\/Licensing Project from the Execution Design.<\/p>\n<p>The former gathers information required for municipal approvals. The latter defines the design with the level of detail required for accurate construction.<\/p>\n<p>The more thorough this definition is before construction starts, the lower the risk of ambiguities, improvised decisions, and site conflicts.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"como-e-preparado-o-orcamento-da-obra\">How is the construction budget prepared?<\/h2>\n<p>Once the solution is sufficiently defined, bills of quantities and technical specifications can be prepared to request comparable bids from contractors.<\/p>\n<p>The goal should not merely be finding the lowest price.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to verify:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Included and excluded scope;<\/li>\n<li>Proposed materials;<\/li>\n<li>Quantities;<\/li>\n<li>Construction methodologies;<\/li>\n<li>Timelines;<\/li>\n<li>Proposal conditions;<\/li>\n<li>Technical capacity of the contractor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This analysis allows the client to make a well-informed decision prior to awarding the contract.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"como-e-escolhido-o-empreiteiro\">How is the main contractor chosen?<\/h2>\n<p>Selecting and hiring the contractor is the client&#8217;s responsibility, with the architect offering technical assistance in reviewing proposals.<\/p>\n<p>Price is only one factor to weigh. Experience, technical capability, team quality, timeline, proposal thoroughness, and project comprehension are equally vital.<\/p>\n<p>Whenever possible, bidding companies should receive identical information to allow for a rigorous comparison.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"qual-e-o-papel-do-arquiteto-durante-a-obra\">What is the role of the architect during construction?<\/h2>\n<p>The architect&#8217;s involvement during construction depends on contracted services and assigned roles.<\/p>\n<p>It is crucial to distinguish between technical assistance by the project author, construction management (dire\u00e7\u00e3o de obra), and <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/construction-supervision-learn-all-about-it-with-mjarc-arquitetos\/\">site supervision (fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a>, as they correspond to distinct responsibilities.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"o-que-e-a-assistencia-tecnica-do-arquiteto\">What is the architect&#8217;s technical assistance?<\/h3>\n<p>Technical assistance ensures continuity between the developed design and its interpretation during construction preparation and execution.<\/p>\n<p>It may involve clarifying design queries, reviewing technical submittals, and performing other actions related to the correct interpretation of designed solutions.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinance No. 255\/2023 establishes that technical assistance is both a right and an obligation for the project coordinator and authors, while distinguishing special technical assistance, which can be subject to specific contracting (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/portaria\/255-2023-216770690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Historical guidance from the Portuguese Order of Architects also clarifies this boundary: technical assistance was explicitly separated from site management, administration, and site supervision.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"direcao-de-obra-e-fiscalizacao-sao-a-mesma-coisa-que-assistencia-tecnica\">Are construction management and site supervision the same as technical assistance?<\/h3>\n<p>No. They are distinct roles with their own frameworks, legal responsibilities, and requirements.<\/p>\n<p>Construction management relates to directing the execution of site works (on behalf of the builder), while site supervision acts on behalf of the client, verifying compliance according to assigned duties.<\/p>\n<p>These roles should not be treated as synonyms for the design architect&#8217;s site monitoring.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"todas-as-fases-sao-obrigatorias-em-todos-os-projetos\">Are all stages mandatory in every project?<\/h2>\n<p>Not necessarily.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinance No. 255\/2023 foresees that certain phases may be exempt from formal presentation and states that staging for remodeling, expansion, rehabilitation, structural reinforcement, or demolition projects can be tailored to the specific characteristics of the work (<a href=\"https:\/\/files.diariodarepublica.pt\/1s\/2023\/08\/15200\/0001800108.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>The exact scope must therefore be clearly defined in the fee proposal or contract agreed between the client and design team.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"quais-sao-resumidamente-as-etapas-de-um-projeto-de-arquitetura\">Summary: What are the stages of an architectural project?<\/h2>\n<p>In simplified terms, the path of a project can be outlined as follows:<\/p>\n<p>Needs definition \u2192 property analysis &amp; feasibility \u2192 Base Program \u2192 Schematic Design \u2192 Design Development \u2192 municipal planning approval \u2192 engineering coordination \u2192 Execution Design \u2192 contractor bidding &amp; contracting \u2192 construction \u2192 technical assistance.<\/p>\n<p>These stages are not isolated compartments. Every decision made in one phase impacts the subsequent ones.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"quanto-tempo-demora-um-projeto-de-arquitetura\">How long does an architectural project take?<\/h2>\n<p>There is no single timeframe for an architectural project.<\/p>\n<p>The duration depends on project scale and complexity, available data, planning constraints, external agency approvals, number of engineering disciplines, administrative procedures, client decision speed, and the required level of detail.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, establishing a realistic schedule for the various project stages from the outset is recommended.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"porque-e-importante-desenvolver-o-projeto-antes-de-iniciar-a-obra\">Why is it important to develop the project before starting construction?<\/h2>\n<p>A rigorously developed project allows decisions to be anticipated that, if left for the site phase, tend to be harder, <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/cost-to-build-house-portugal\/\">more expensive<\/a>, and constrained by ongoing building work.<\/p>\n<p>The goal is not to produce more drawings, but to deliver the information required so client, designers, contractor, and stakeholders share a unified understanding of the solution.<\/p>\n<p>At MJARC Arquitectos Associados, we approach the project as an integrated process, from initial property analysis and program definition to architecture, technical coordination, Execution Design, and construction monitoring.<\/p>\n<p>Thinking about <a href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/building-a-house-portugal-steps-to-building-your-home\/\">building<\/a>, renovating, or extending a property? An initial analysis helps clarify site constraints, define your brief, and set the right strategy before embarking on project design.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"perguntas-frequentes-sobre-as-fases-de-um-projeto-de-arquitetura\">Frequently asked questions about the stages of an architectural project<\/h2>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>What is the first stage of an architectural project?<\/summary>\n<p>Before developing the architectural design, the client&#8217;s goals, requirements, constraints, budget, and brief must be defined. This information enables the preparation of the Base Program and guides subsequent phases.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>What is the difference between Schematic Design and Design Development?<\/summary>\n<p>Schematic Design establishes the overall concept and allows for evaluating the architectural response. Design Development refines the approved concept with higher precision and technical dimensioning, preparing for Execution Design.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>What is the difference between planning licensing and Execution Design?<\/summary>\n<p>Licensing relates to the applicable municipal planning procedure. Execution Design contains detailed technical information meant to precisely define how the site work will be built.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>Is it possible to build using only the project submitted to the City Council?<\/summary>\n<p>Information required for planning procedures and information required for construction serve different purposes. The level of detail needed for building should be assessed based on the project&#8217;s demands and contracted scope.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>Does the architect monitor construction?<\/summary>\n<p>They can monitor construction according to contracted services and roles. Technical assistance provided by the design author must be distinguished from contractor management and site supervision.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>Are engineering specialties developed separately from architecture?<\/summary>\n<p>They are distinct projects, but they must be coordinated with the architecture and among themselves to ensure complete integration.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>Is Execution Design important for a private residential project?<\/summary>\n<p>Execution Design defines materials, construction solutions, details, and trade interfaces, reducing the need to make design choices on the fly during construction.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"faq-item\">\n<summary>When should the construction budget be defined?<\/summary>\n<p>The available budget should be discussed from the very start and progressively refined as the design gains definition.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/article>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An architectural project develops through several stages, from defining the client&#8217;s needs and analyzing the property to the execution design and site supervision. Although each project has its own unique characteristics, understanding these stages helps the client perceive what happens in each phase, which decisions need to be made, and the role of the architect [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mjarc.com\/en\/house-design-aspects-and-phases-of-design\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[567],"class_list":["post-5014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arquitetura-en","tag-projeto-arquitetura-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stages of an Architecture Project: Complete Guide | MJARC<\/title>\n<meta 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